Oxalate toxicosis

LF James - Clinical Toxicology, 1972 - Taylor & Francis
LF James
Clinical Toxicology, 1972Taylor & Francis
Oxalic acid poisoning is of considerable importance throughout the world. Sickness and
death from oxalate poisoning has been reported not only in domestic livestock and
household pets, but also in humans. Oxalic acid is an organic, dicarboxylic acid. It is
corrosive, soluble in water, and has a marked affinity for calcium and magnesium, the salts
of which are relatively insoluble in water. Its principal soluble salts are sodium, potassium
and ammonium oxalate, and acid potassium date. Oxalic acid and its soluble salts are both …
Oxalic acid poisoning is of considerable importance throughout the world. Sickness and death from oxalate poisoning has been reported not only in domestic livestock and household pets, but also in humans. Oxalic acid is an organic, dicarboxylic acid. It is corrosive, soluble in water, and has a marked affinity for calcium and magnesium, the salts of which are relatively insoluble in water. Its principal soluble salts are sodium, potassium and ammonium oxalate, and acid potassium date. Oxalic acid and its soluble salts are both corrosive and systemic poisons [11. Oxalic acid has been used as a bleach and metal cleaner, although its use has declined in recent years. Poisomng in humans has re-sulted from inhalation of oxalate fumes, contact with the skin, and from ingestion. In the early 1920s dic acid was ranked among the three most common causes of poisoning in humans [11. Ethylene glycol, which is used as an antifreeze in liquid-cooled engines, has gained some prominence in recent years as an date related toxicant. Ethylene glycol is occasionally drunk by humans or animals, especially cats and dogs. Ln the body, ethylene glycol is metabolized to oxalic acid and subsequently results in owlate poisoning [2-41. Besides exposure to oxalates in industry, humans and animals are subject to poisoning by certain plants that contain high levels of oxalic acid. Many plants contain dangerously high levels of odic acid. Plants such as spinach, rhubarb, and swiss chard are frequently found in the human diet [51. Halogeton [6-12], greasewood [13, 141, and soursobs [15-17] are examples of oxalate-containing plants in the diet of herbivorous animals. The odic acid in plants
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